PROSES HIDROLISIS SAMPAH ORGANIK MENJADI GULA DENGAN KATALIS ASAM

Dedy Irawan , Zainal Arifin
Jurusan Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Jalan Ciptomangunkusumo, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75131 Telp. (0541) 260588
ddy_iwn@yahoo.com

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Abstrak

Proses Hidrolisis merupakan satu tahap penting dari rangkaian tahapan proses produksi bioetanol berbahan baku sampah organik. Hidrolisis dengan asam klorida encer konsentrasi 0,25-1% dengan suhu divariasikan 120-180 oC dan waktu 15-120 menit. Perbandingan pereaksi 1:6 antara sampah kota dan larutan asam untuk tiap tahap hidrolisis yang dilakukan dalam sebuah reaktor sistem batch. Hasil hidrolisis berupa gula ditentukan kadarnya menggunakan metode Nelson-Somogy. Hasil analisis kadar gula menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terbaik hidrolisis pada suhu 120 oC, konsentrasi katalis 0,75%, waktu 30 menit dan tekanan 4 bar dengan kadar gula 29,34 mg/mL dimana yield sebesar 13,09%.
Kata kunci: asam klorida, hidrolisis, kadar gula, yield

Abstract

Hydrolysis is one of the most important stages of bioethanol production made from organic waste. Hydrolysis with dilute hydrochloric acid concentration was varied from 0.25-1% with a temperature of 120-180oC and time of 15-120 minutes. Reactant ratio 1:6 between organic waste and dilute hydrochloric acid for every stage hydrolysis was reacted in a batch reactor system. The sugars concentrations in the hydrolyzate were then analyzed by Nelson-Somogyi method. The results showed that the best conditions for hydrolysis was found at temperature of 120oC, catalyst concentration of 0.75%, time of 30 minutes and the pressure of 4 bar with the sugar concentration of 29.34 mg/mL and the yield of 13.09%. 

Key word : hydrolysis, hydrochloride acid, sugar concentration, yield